Learning Through Experience

 

Cyclones have been frequent visitors to the coasts of Orissa since times immemorial. The 1999 cyclone has left behind bitter memories and extremely hard lessons for the people. A critical analysis was carried out by agencies like the Co-operation for Rural Excellence (CORE) in association with Development Alternatives (DA) supported by Care, India, GTZ, India and the Building Material and Technology Promotion Council (BMPTC). The report revealed that there still remain many issues that need to be dealt with urgently. Some such issues are:

l Lack of safe/secure dwellings of the poor to protect themselves against natural calamities. The inability to acquire a safe and secure habitat by village families was directly linked to a lack of appropriate skills, knowledge and awareness of technological options for safe and hygienic construction.

l Low income generating capacity of the community due to lack of skills and knowledge of possible livelihood options and dearth of opportunities available within the target region.

l The loss of agricultural resources and livestock manifests itself into distress migration of primarily male members of the families to urban areas in search of livelihood opportunities, leaving behind the women folk and the children to fend for themselves, thus increasing their vulnerability.

l Poor scope for self-finance and ignorance about suitable micro-credit from rural financial institutions for housing has forced this deprived section of the society to use inferior quality building materials and apply methods of construction that are not disaster resistant.

l In addition, families and village communities have little information and no skills to provide for basic amenities such as hygienic sanitation systems and clean domestic energy in their houses. This contributes to widespread diseases and ill health, further reducing the productive capacity of individuals and leaving them more vulnerable to vagaries of nature and poverty.

An initiative focused on a locally managed ‘habitat enterprise, viz., Building Materials and Services Bank’ (BMSB) was established in response to the reconstruction needs after the disastrous cyclone of 1999. A ‘people’s managed habitat process’ was set in place by CORE in association with DA supported by Care, India, GTZ, India and BMPTC. This social enterprise delivered the following results:

l Cost-effective building materials were produced by village-based group enterprises of both women and men

l Training of large numbers of local artisans resulted in improved construction skills

l Alternative livelihoods were generated through enterprise creation in the area of ‘building material production and skills supply’

The BMSB - Chowdwar, since then renamed Ashraya Resource Centre, supported the reconstruction of these cyclone-affected areas. The centre has been involved in organising artisans in ‘artisan self help groups’, connecting rural women’s self help groups to habitat finance through an SHG cooperative, and creating awareness about ‘environmentally sustainable and locally appropriate’ construction technologies in villages through demonstrations, awareness campaigns and training programmes.

Ashraya, thus, is a registered society mainly involved in shelter construction for economically backward people. Since 1999, the NGO has put in place a ‘people-managed habitat process’ focusing on locally managed enterprises for delivering cost-effective building materials produced by village self help groups.

Ashraya has also been employed by banks as a Business Correspondent to deliver its loan products to the rural poor using the SHG mode. The BC was appointed in October 2006 and had, at the time of the study, provided credit to 50 SHGs, with another 100 groups in the pipeline. The SHGs formed by Ashraya in different villages were all women’s groups, irrespective of caste. They undertook both agricultural and small trading activities. Around 70 groups formed by the NGO had federated into an SHG cooperative which, apart from the overseeing the individual groups, also managed a day meals programme at a local school.

It was here that the Schumacher Centre for Development (SCD) came in with assistance. The SCD provides training programmes to landless, marginalised farmers and women in building-construction technology and material production. Presently, SCD is training 200 masons, creating Building Material Service Banks and constructing homes in Anugul and Talcher (Orissa) using the award winning ‘Ashraya; concept on low-cost housing.

Draupadi Nayak, a woman mason and beneficiary, is grateful to the SCD and says, ‘I am thankful to the organisation that provided us the training opportunity. Today I earn Rs 100-125 a day as a mason.’

In collaboration with SCD, CORE was able to train 1384 artisans - including 418 women - forming 60 Artisan Self Help Groups (ASHGs). The project has been a huge success. Today, 36 ASHGs are fully self sustained and have improved their financial conditions, with each artisan earning Rs 70 to Rs 120 daily. This has also checked the large-scale migration of artisans to the cities.

The encouraging work done at the grassroot level has certainly brought in hope and, in future, post-cyclones recovery and rehabilitation will not be a daunting task. q
 

Anjan Jena
Secretary for Cooperation for Rural Excellence
anjan_jena @rediffmail.com

 

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