The Most Basic Resource


Ashok Khosla


It is a measure of our alienation from Mother Earth that, once or twice each year, we set aside and commemorate an “Earth Day” or an “Environment Day”.  The saving grace is that those of us who do celebrate these occasions constitute a relatively same class of people.  And, at least, we can be grateful that our lives have not yet become so dissociated from nature and its processes that we are no longer able to recognize and reaffirm our origins and the sources  of our sustenance. 

For most people, other than those-like the readers of this newsletter-who live in highly urbanized and industrial communities, every day is an Earth/Environment Day.  Throughout history, the rulers and the ruled, the rich and the poor, the privileged and the common folk have all lived closely in touch with the cycles and flows of nature’s seasons.  Life was not necessarily comfortable or easy, and indeed it is only in  this century that people throughout the world have, for the first time, had widespread access to the things that lead to a really high level of material and physical well being. 

Nevertheless, the problems of poverty, pollution, population and peripheralisation not only continue to linger, but have now assumed magnitudes they never had before.  There are, on this planet today, more poor and marginalised people, more degraded places and lost species, and more man made catastrophes each year than ever before - and the numbers are growing. 

Insptie of all the measures taken by the governments of nations, including ours, towards the development of their economies, we appear to be losing ground, literally and figuratively , at least in many countries of the South.  Much more has to bring about the changes needed if society is to attain a better and more continuing future. 

Thus, it is the issues of Land (and water and all the vital resources without which we cannot survive) that most of us, the so-called “middle” or professional class - must now make our own.  By our actions and lifestyles we cause the bulk of environment damage, and must recognize that it needs to be corrected.   

The big dams and thermal power projects, the huge steel mills and coal mines, the gigantic refineries and fertilizer plants, have displaced millions of people from their income and livelihoods, destroyed the forests and soils, and led to irreversible losses of genetic and other valuable resources.  Earth Days and Environment Days remind us that we can continue in this direction only at our immediate peril. 

An Earth Day or an Environment Day also reminds us that there are many issues of a global nature which mankind must now increasingly deal with.  Saving the ozone shield that protects us from the sun’s ultra violet rays is one such issue.  Avoiding sea level rises that are likely to follow the rise in the global temperature that in turn, results from man made gases released into the atmosphere,  is another.  More important, perhaps, is the fact that the causes of environmental problems also include many global concerns, particularly the stark imbalances that exist in international economy.  These are certainly problems that all mankind including ourselves will have to face soon.  But many of our local environmental problems are even more immediate.  It is imperative for all of us to understand that, in so far as these are our problems (whoever might be responsible for them), we will ultimately have to ensure that they are solved - if necessary, by ourselves. 

Neither the problems of poverty nor those of pollution can be removed either by unthinkingly accepting one type of “development” as the only correct one, or blindly rejecting another.  In a country as diverse as India with people and resources whose characteristics span a range that is almost global, no single type of solution can be enough.  Our needs will require solutions that are both big and small, public and private and combine the modern with the traditional. 

Earth Day and Environment Day help bring in focus these many strands of the alternative development strategies we now need to explore and adopt - at all levels from the national to the individual.  q

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