Development Alternatives at CoP8

COP8

CoP8 Events Organised and Facilitated by Development Alternatives

Title of Event : Inter–regional Conference on Adaptation to Climate Change
Date and Time : 18 October to 20th October, 2002
Venue : Taj Mahel Hotel, Mansingh Road, New Delhi
     
Title of Event : Market Based Mechanisms for GHG Emission Mitigation: Issues and Concerns
Date and Time : 25 October, 2002
Venue : Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi
     
Title of Event : Adaptation Day
Date and Time : 28 October; 09 am to 05.30 pm
Venue : Casuarina Hall, India Habitat Centre
     
Title of Event :  We care and We Act: an Exhibition by CLEAN-India Young Warriors
Date and Time : 28 October; 09 am to 05 pm
Venue : Petio Lawn, India Habitat Centre
     
Title of Event : Sustainable Livelihood Practices: A Self Help Group Model
Date and Time : 28 October; 09 am to 05 pm
Venue : Petio Lawn, India Habitat Centre
     
Title of Event : Plans, Programs and Achievements of South Asian Countries regarding Adaptation to Climate Change
Date and Time : October 28, 2002; 6 pm to 8 pm
Venue : Hall H, Vigyan Bhavan Complex
     
Title of Event : CAN Party
Date and Time : 26 October, Evening
Venue : Margosa Lawns, India Habitat Centre
     
Title of Event : CAN Strategy Meeting
Date and Time : October 27, 2002, 2 pm to 6 pm
Venue : Silver Oak, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi

Over Arching Activities

Coordinating the participation of Indian Grassroots NGOs during CoP–8

Coordinating and providing all logistical support to "International Climate Action Network (CAN) during the CoP–8

 

Other CoP-8 Highlights

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Climate Change Centre also participated in the international Climate Action Network (CAN) activities during the CoP8. One of the CAN activities "The Fossil of the Day Award "was designed and created by Development Alternatives during the CoP–8 at New Delhi. This was awarded to countries whose delegations were trying to block, stall, and undermine the climate negotiations. Every "winner" receives points, symbolised by small thermometers on the world map. A first prize earns three points, a second two, and a third prize is rewarded by one point/thermometer. The accumulation on the map intended to visualise the negative impact their behaviour has: rising temperatures world-wide due to delayed action on climate change. The day’s winners are presented by displaying their respective flags in a "desert" environment.( kindly refer http://www.fossil-of-the-day.org)

   
 

Development Alternatives also took active participation in the daily publication of CAN– ECO and contributed short articles. And also took lead in CAN press conferences on various issues including CDM and Adaptation.

   
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As part of "Indian NGO Forum" Development Alternatives also prepared "Statement of Shared Concerns by South Asian Civil Society" which was adopted and wisely disseminated during the CoP– 8 (kindly refer http://www.climatechangecentre.org)q

Inter-regional Conference on Adaptation to Climate Change

Recognising the relevance of the issue, over 120 participants met at the Inter-regional Conference on Adaptation to Climate Change organized by Development Alternatives, and was supported by Climate Action Network, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, German Technical Cooperation , India and The RING alliance of policy research organizations ; at New Delhi from 18th to 20th October 2002, prior to the Eighth Conference of Parties to the UNFCCC (CoP8). The participants came from government, multilateral agencies, academia, non-government institutions and networks from all over the world.

The three-day conference deliberated on a range of issues related to adaptation approaches, strategies, and programmes. Three working groups were organized to address the following:

l Research, Awareness & Capacity Building for Adaptation to Climate Change
l Integrating Adaptation Measures with Sustainable Development Strategies and Programmes
l Resources and Responsibilities for Climate Change Adaptation

Conference Recommendations

1. Integrate adaptation policies and measures with sustainable development.
2. Sensitise national level policy makers and other stakeholders.
3. Mainstream adaptation into national, local, and sectoral plans.
4. Strengthen adaptation in addition to strengthening mitigation efforts.
5. Assess and utilise existing knowledge and experience on, sustainable development and poverty reduction for adaptation. This includes local and indigenous knowledge.
6. Raise public awareness at all levels.
7. Adaptation at the local level must be supported by national and international policies and measures.
8. Institutionalize responsibility at all levels and explore innovative ways to gain resources.
9. Incorporate local adaptation needs in financing systems.

For more information, kindly refer to
http:// www.climatechangecentre.org

Side Event: Market Based Mechanisms for GHG Emissions Mitigation:
Issues and Concerns

Development Alternatives, organised a side event to discuss the issues concerning market based mechanisms for GHG emissions reduction. The speakers in the event were all practitioners dealing with the market-based mechanism and shared their experiences and concerns.

The panel of speakers consisted of Kalipada Chatterjee and Vivek Kumar from Development Alternatives; Axel Michaelowa from Hamburg Institute of International Economics, Jayant Sathaye from Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory, Randall Spalding Fecher from Energy and Development Research Centre and Joyashree Roy from Jadhavpur University.

The event deliberated on a range of issues concerning market based mechanisms such as reducing market based mechanisms for GHG emissions reduction, multi-project baselines for standardizing project greenhouse gas estimation, small-scale CDM rules project attractiveness for the private sector, CDM and sustainable development etc.

There was a lot of thrust for simplifying modalities and procedures for small-scale projects. Small-scale projects being spatially distributed over a large area, provide employment opportunities to a greater number of people, improve their economic standards and help them address sustainable development.

Major recommendations coming from the presentations and discussions are summarised below:

l Simplified modalities and procedures for small-scale CDM projects may be adopted at the earliest at CoP8 and made available to countries for integrating with their national CDM policies
l Developing countries demand a minimum price – greater than 15 US$ per ton of carbon reduced for large scale projects to 30 US$ per ton of carbon reduced for small projects

This is required because transaction cost in small scale and large scale projects will be more or less of the same order, however, in terms of percentage of the total cost of the project it will be very high for small scale projects. Higher minimum price for small-scale projects will, therefore, provide an incentive to small-scale project developers

l The distribution of CDM projects should be based on host countries initiatives and enabling environment (a small country like Costa Rica could get a number of AIJ project because they had set up an AIJ office well in time and the signal was very clear)
l Achieving sustainable development goals of a country being crucial, the host countries must set up a mechanism to ensure, monitor and verify before CERs are issued by the CDM executive board
l NGOs in developing countries with necessary background and capacities must be allowed to function as designated operational entities. These NGOs should be exempted from any fee in this respect.
l Institutional arrangement – international / national investment in small scale CDM projects enabling financial closure must be organised.

Side Event: Plans, Programmes and Achievement of South Asian Countries regarding Adaptation to Adverse Impacts of Climate Change

The event was to observe the day as Adaptation Day. Development Alternatives had organised a series of events including a Conference in India Habitat Centre, exhibition by Delhi School Children on Environmental Awareness and an exhibition on sustainable livelihood practices, by self help group members from Bundekhand region. The Adaptation Day concluded with the side event "Plans, Programmes and Achievement of South Asian Countries regarding Adaptation to Adverse Impacts of Climate Change".

The Chair-person Mr. George C. Varughese, Vice-President, Development Alternatives mentioned that Development Alternatives is trying to mainstream the climate change among communities. Mainstreaming climate change with community activities and educating communities becomes important in view of the fact that the communities, particularly the poor communities will face the adverse impacts of climate change severely.

The speakers from India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh presented the climate change concerns of their countries and the efforts going on in their countries to address climate change. It was obvious from the presentations that there are some common concerns of the South Asian countries, such as:

l Strong rural base
l Heavy dependence on agriculture
l Threats to bio-diversity
l Vulnerability of coastal ecosystems
l Rampant poverty

In addition to these, countries such as Nepal and Bhutan have started facing glacial retreat and glacial lake outbursts (Gloffs) and countries such as India and Bangladesh face threats to their mangrove ecosystems. Bhutan has a negative contribution to climate change as total landmass under forest in Nepal in about 72 per cent. Bhutan thus does not have much potential for GHG mitigation.

Countries shared their programmes that they have taken up with various multi-lateral and bi-lateral agencies towards awareness, generation and capacity building for adaptation to climate change. Countries are now also considering measures which have components of mitigation as well as adaptation.

It was encouraging to note that countries have started programmes directed towards adaptation to climate change such as:

l Early warnings for disaster mitigation
l Rain water harvesting
l Community forestry
l Sustainable agriculture
l Cleaner energy initiatives
l Institution building

The countries agreed upon that though overall the South Asian region requires a lot of capacity building but a few countries in the region are well aware of the issues and are into the mainstream. The countries should, therefore, jointly address the climate change problem in the region.

The major recommendations from the conference were:

l Integrate adaptation with sustainable development
l Build capacity of communities regarding adaptation to climate change
l Share information and knowledge within the region
l Set up a Regional Climate Change Resource Centre for South Asia.

 

Education, Training and Public Awareness to Climate Change

The Eight Conference of Party to the UNFCCC recognised the importance of Article 6 of the Convention on "Education Tanning and Public Awareness to the Climate Change" and observed that many organisations are already working to raise the public awareness on climate change and could be linked to the Article 6 activities.

Climate Change Centre at Development Alternatives had initiated a research in this regard and a brief out come of the research is reported here. Number of tools were identified for the implementation of the Article 6. Since the focus of CoP–8 was sustainable development, adaptation to climate change and poverty eradication therefore Implementation of the Article 6 of the Convention will also enhance the capacity of different stakeholders for adaptation to climate change.

A number of indicators have also identified for measuring the success of such programme.

TOOLS : GENERAL

The first and foremost in regard to education, training and public awareness is to develop a process nationally and regionally to prepare material to impart education, training and bring public awareness. This has to be done under a multitier approach. The IPCC and other UN organisations have over the years brought out considerable scientific and response strategy materials both on the science of climate change, its effects and adaptation. Such materials are however only for a very limited number of professionals who are benefited from these literatures and research materials.

Tool I : For Civil Society

Preparation of materials on climate change for the use and consumption of the common man, civil society, community and particularly for students at various levels of school education.

Tool II: For School Curriculum

There is a need to bring out small books on "what is Climate Change"; "how it affects our life - our economic prosperity and our health and other welfare" and "how we all together can save the environment for our benefit and for the benefit of our future generations". These materials have to be in simple languages that people understand as well as to introduce such an education as a part of school curriculum in primary, middle and at higher levels.

Tool III: Through a Participatory Process

To bring out small books and literature through a participatory process with the community that would provide linkages to their day to day life, their life style, and how traditional knowledge of the common people can be integrated to some simple responses to climate change. Such books and literature must be written in the language and vocabulary they would easily understand with illustrations they are familiar with. This is a huge task but must be done with urgency to impress on the people how their actions today may not only help their present generation, but also their children, grand children and great-grand children, for a better environment, better air, better soil, vegetation and forests as well as our precious water resources.

Tool IV : For Policy Makers

The next tier of activities under the education, training and public awareness process should be to involve middle level and higher level of policy makers, decision maker, planners at the national and regional level to educate and train such categories of people on climate change so that they would be able to integrate climate change concerns in all national and regional activities so that all our development activities are sustainable and would finally address to the main agenda of the developing countries : poverty eradication and providing better quality of life to all.

Tool V : By Organising Workshops and Seminars

District level, national level and regional level workshops, seminars should also be organised at regular intervals for faster dissemination, and exchange of information among various groups and categories of people, communities, civil societies etc. Such a process will accelerate the process of education and training for officials, professionals, teachers in school to update and exchange their so far learned knowledge and experiences.

Tool VI : Taking the help of Communication Media and Village Drama and Street Theatres

Education, training and public awareness must also take the advantage of all communication media like local newspapers, simple fact sheets, television, radio, village dramas, street plays etc.

Though capacity building through education. Training and public awareness is a big task but must be addressed at all, levels of the society with urgency. However there is an urgent need of the transfer of large funds on an urgent basis from industrialised countries to the developing countries through the UN systems. q

 

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